National Tour of Solar Homes

Vermont

Northern Vermont

Burlington 78 Lyman Avenue

Contact Name: Patricia Hanson Phone #:

Directions: Parking: Limited parking in the garage off of Pine St., parking on Lyman Ave. may be limited by patrons of beauty parlor across the street.

Home Information: Architect: William Macloy Builder: Charles Reiss
Cost Comparison: about $23,000 before rebates (of that about $18,500 for solar systems)
Size: 1850 sq.ft. plus large insulated attic
Building Style: contemporary
Year Built: 2000
Location: urban
Utility Info: From 3/27 (when my net meter was installed) through 8/15 (136 days) I used 613 kWh, was billed for 300 kWh (2.20/day) and fed back to the grid 313 kWh (2.30/day). I have no measure of what I used directly from the solar system. My gas bills (heat, non-solar hot water, kitchen range & clothes dryer) from 10/24 through 8/17 show a total of 663 CCFS. May - Aug averaged .39/day (no heat or hot water), Nov - April average 3.50/day.

Solar Features:12 AstroPower 110w photovoltaic collectors with an AES 52-92V , 1 KW V-1 inverter, no batteries, but tied to the grid. The system was designed by Solar Works Inc. of Montpelier and installed by Vermont Solar Engineering of Burlington. The hot water system uses 2 collectors (4x8 G Series) with a Vaughn Sepce tank (70 gal); the backup is gas hot water tank.

Charlotte 1042 Dorset St

Contact Name: David & Jan Blittersdorf Phone #: 802-425-6172

Directions: 1 mile south of Shelburne line on Dorset St in Charlotte. 10 miles south of Burlington on Dorset St.

Home Information: Size: 3300 sq ft
Building Style: Colonial
Year Built: 1975
Location Rural
Utility Information: Electricity: Grid connected net metered 10 kw wind turbine & 5kw PV. All electricity from wind & sun on a yearly basis. Save $1200-$1400/yr.
Heating: oil & wood pellet costs: $800/yr

Jan & David are the owners of NRG Systems Inc a leading wind measurement company. Working to have a completely renewables powered home. Use an electric motorcycle.

Solar Features: Passive sunroom for heating. Garage is insulated & passively heated. Solar hot water system. Pool (18’x44’) heated with active & passive solar. 5kw PV (net metered) electric along with 10 kw wind turbine.

Charlotte 416 Higbee Road

Contact Name: David Hill Phone #: 802-425-5354

Directions: Rt 7 south from Burlington through stop light at Ferry. Turn off & then turn left on Higbee Rd. Driveway is on the left.

Solar Features: Roof top solar hot water.

Charlotte 360 Toad Road

Contact Name: Ruah Swennerfelt & Louis Cox Phone #: 802-425-3377

Directions: South on Spear St. from Burlington to Prindle Rd. in East Charlotte (one mile south of Marble's store) turn left onto Prindle, go 2 1/2 miles (approx.) & take right onto Roscoe Rd. Go through covered bridge, bear right and go 7/10 mile to Toad Rd. turn left. Take 1st right which is our driveway.
From Hinesburg, take Charlotte Road through sharp left & when it takes a sharp right, go straight onto Baldwin Rd. Go about 2 miles to 2nd right, onto Drinkwater Rd. Go about 1 mile & take 1st left onto Roscoe Rd & follow directions from Roscoe Rd (above). From N. Ferrisburgh (rte 7) take Hollow Rd to a fork & bear left (almost straight onto Rotax Rd.) Go through a 4 corners & take next left (Roscoe Rd.. Go about 1.5 miles & after right bend pass the gray farmhouse with red trim & take right onto Toad Rd

Home Information: Architect: Homeowner
Builder: Homeowner
Construction Cost: $125,000 (including PV installation)
Compared to conventional construction: about the same, maybe somewhat more due to our inexperience.
Size: Approx.. 1600 sq. ft.
Year Built: 1991
Building Style: Salt Box + additions Location: Rural

Utilities: We are totally off the electric grid so no electric bills. $650/yr. for propane for on-demand hot water, cooking, refrigeration and two small direct vent heaters for minimal back up heat.

With a beautiful view of Camel's Hump and nearby valley and good southern exposure, we have a 24' x 24' Salt Box with a 12' diameter octagon tower, an 8' x 16' mud room & 8' x 16' sun room. We are off the electric grid, using 14 solar panels which generate 126 Kw per month (average household use is 720 Kw/month) and store it in 12 golf cart batteries. We run a small nonprofit organization from our home using computers, laser printer, fax & photocopier. We have a stereo, TV & VCR. Heat with wood.

Solar Features: Solar electric with 14 solar panels & 12 batteries for all electrical uses. Passive solar construction to heat the house in winter along with wood heat. "On-demand" propane hot water. In the process of adding solar hot water. Propane refrigeration. Non-motorized lawn mower. Use scythe for clearing. Grow much of our own food.

Colchester 825 Poor Farm Rd.

Contact Name: Don and Valerie Schroeder Phone #: 802-879-4860

Directions: Rte 89 to 16 in Colchester, North on Rte. 7 for about 3 miles, left onto Poor Farm Rd., 1st drive on right, #825 on green mailbox. Driveway is long.

Home Information: Architect: Self
Builder: Reiss renovations and self
Size: 2100 sq ft.
Building style: Farm house
Year built: 1996-7
Location: Rural

Solar Features: Off-grid with 1.2kw solar and 1.5kw wind power system. Solar domestic hot water system also.

Craftsbury Common 92 Young Road

Contact Name: Sam & Polly Russell Phone #: 802-586-7576

Directions: From Craftsbury Village go east on Creek Road for 1/5 mile, then go left on King Farm Road for 1/3 mile, go right on Young Road. Take your first right and follow the drive across the field to the house. Take your first right and follow the drive across the field to the house.

Home Information: The house (1250 s.f.) and office-guest house (600 s.f.) are built into a slope facing south over a meadow. Local and on-site materials have been used in construction. Owner Sam Russell was the architect and builder.

Solar Features: Passive and active-passive solar; solar hot water.-passive and active-passive solar.
-solar-wood hot water
-Off-grid with 600 wp.v. 1000 watt Whisper wind generator, 2000 watt inverter.
-Low energy lighting
-Sun Frost refrigerator
-Finnish fireplace with oven-owner-built
-2 straw bale experimental walls
-Root cellar
-Small 4 season greenhouse under construction.

East Calais

Contact Name: Paul Scheckel Phone #: 802-456-1442

Directions: Contact homeowner.

Home Information: Architect: Owner
Builder: Owner:
Size: 1500 sq.ft.
Building Style: 1.5 story Cape
Year Built: 1992
Location: Rural
Utility Info: off-grid - house uses 3 kwh/day plus 3/4 gal LPG/day.

On display and for sale will be portable power unts called “PeaPacs” which can be used to power many appliances when the power fails. These are great for getting into solar power affordably.

Solar Features: Stand alone solar electric power system w/biodiesel pwered backup generator. Biodiesel mixing facilities on-site.

East Montpelier 1750 Clark Rd

Contact Name: Jim Grundy

Directions: Will be leading tour. Meet at parking lot in E. Montpelier at junction of Rt2 & 14 at 8:45 a.m. Tour will include 1 grid connect, 1 off grid, 1 passive, and 1 SHw

Home Information: Architect: Jim Grundy
Builder: Jim Grundy
Cost Comparison:
Size: 1400 SF
Building Style:
Year Built: 1995
Location: Rural
Utility Info: Electric Consumption Avg: 2 Kwh/day Heat Cost $150 / yr wood propane for cooking, hot water, etc. $400/ yr

This house is a sun tempered super insulated home with an attached glass/steel/wood greenhouse (10 x 12’).
House also has: no plywood; uses local wood, timbers, framing, & finish; reused materials; efficient appliances; non-toxic finishes (milk paint, linseed oil, ect); home office of Elemental Energy; and air tight construction CFM50= 722.

Solar Features: House is off-grid powered by solar electric. Solar array is a 4-ase 300 watt panels integrated into the top of the greenhouse.

Grand Isle

Contact Name: Ted Riehle & Ayn Baldwin Phone #: 802-372-9821

Directions: From Interstate 89 take exit 17, take Route 2 west to Champlain Islands. From exit 17 go 14.9 miles, look for 2nd caution light at 4 corners in Grand Isle, take a right on East Shore North Road, go exactly 2 miles. Look for Savage Island farm sign on right side of road (it has a sheep on it). Park away from garage doors. Interested people CALL AHEAD (802) 372-9821. WE WILL PICK PEOPLE UP BY BOAT FROM EAST SHORE NORTH ROAD AT 10:00 AM.

Home Information: Architect: Marcel Beaudin Builder: Roland Decarreau Construction Cost: $300,000
Cost Compared to Conventional Construction/Renovation: Higher than same on mainland but lower than conventional house on island wired to mainland Size: 3500 sq ft
Year Built: 1989
Building Style: Modern Nantucket
Location: Rural (on an island)

Working sheep farm : 100 ewes, 150 lambs/yr produced. "There is something deeply satisfying about the sun powering everything." No utilities except phone and oil burner recently added to furnace.

Solar Features: 24 m75s (ARCO) PV panels. 40 Batteries (1100 amp hours each), 2 Trace inverters that produce 5000 watts of AC. Solar Hot Water, with propane back-up. Lighting is 24 volt DC. Have a SunFrost refrigerator and a propane cookstove. 100% off the grid--solar electric/hot water; all modern conveniences (dishwasher, microwave, computer).

Huntington 65 Delfrate Rd.

Contact Name: Donald Dresser Phone #: 802-434-3811

Directions: From Interstate 89--Get off at the Richmond exit and go east on Rte.2 . At light in Richmond take a right. Go approx. 8 miles on Main Rd. (stay to left at all ys,etc.) until the village of Huntington. Just past Jaque’s store, turn left onto East Street. Go 1 and 1/2 miles to Delfrate Rd. Take a left. !st house on left. #65 Delfrate Rd.

Home Information: Owner-built in stages.
Year built: 1976 to present
Location: Rural

Solar Features: Solar electric--6 solar panels. Daily power usage is primarily 12 volts, with extras such as computer being inverted. Gas on-demand hot water heater--Paloma. Gas refrigerator. Gas stove and range. Primary heat is wood with propane and generator back-up. Passive solar and super insulated. Garage has solar panel for lighting and charging. Shallow, gravity fed well is pumped to 2nd floor via 12 volt pump.

Marshfield 5415 Hollister Hill Rd

Contact Name: Bob Chappelle Phone #: 802-426-3844

Directions: Rt 89 Exit 8. Rt 2 north, to E Montpelier take Rt 14 north to North Montpelier go through town. At first crossroads take right onto Max Grey rd . At next crossroads take Sadie Foss rd on right follow till next crossroads at Hollister Hill Rd, turn left approx. 1 mi in meadow you can see house from rd, cement-stabilized earth with arches and domes on left. fifth driveway on left. Black Mailbox across from driveway with “Chappell” on left.

Home Information: Architect: owner
Builder: owner
Size: 2,000 sq. ft.
Year Built: 1988 to dat (still under construction
Building Style: cement-stabilized mud in structural dome and arch forms
Location: Rural. Utiliy Cost:Propane for stove and hot water, wood stove for heat twp cords per winter.

An Earthen home comprised of various polystyrene domes covered with a mixture of mud and concrete. Replaceable Low E argon filled glass panels are set directly into the mud and insulating core without frames. The house incorporates 210 pieces of hand split granite originally from several 1800’s house foundations. Old hand hewn wood beams are used to support a partial deck in the main dome and for the vertical attachment of upended granite sill blocks which form the walls of the bathroom area. As there is no straight or vertical walls most of the furniture is specially designed. The plan is geometric and very organized. Form work is used for arched openings only but not for the domes. The structural concept is elegant and quite simple. The spacial and structural forms which are harder to create, comprehend and build.
Built-in-character, reused materials, an artistic endeavor

Solar Features: Passive solar design, air to air heat exchange, super-insulated

Montpelier 45 Perkins Rd.

Contact Name: Andrew M. Shapiro Phone #: 802-229-5676

Directions: Contact homeowner 802-229-5676

Home Information: Architect: owner

Builder: owner

Building style: modern
Size: 1700 sq. ft.

Year built: 1988
Cost relative to conventional building: 3 to 5% higher

Location: rural

Solar Features: Passive solar, Contact homeowner for details

North Middlesex 361Macey Road

Contact Name: Peter Clark & Gloria DeSousa Phone #: 802-223-1495

Directions: Take exit 8 off I-89 into Montpelier. Get onto Route 12 North, and follow it through town. About 6.5 miles north of Montpelier (from traffic circle), turn left onto Shady Rill Rd. After 1.1 miles turn right over small bridge. Bear left just after bridge. We are 1.7 miles on the left as measured from the bridge. "DeSousa" is on one side of the mailbox, "Clark" is on the other.

Home Information: Architect: self-designed Builder: Avis America Homes; Lee Martenson Construction/Renovation Cost: $165,000 (house & garage), $20,000 (land), $91,000 (site work), $35,000 (sunroom and bathroom renovation).
Compared to Conventional Constr/Ren: $5,000 less Size: 2450 sq ft + full basement and attic
Year Built: 1995
Building Style: 2-story eclectic (colonial/salt box/contemp) Location: Rural

Large, comfortable home w/2-car garage. Totally off the grid. Small Honda gas generator helps in late fall & early winter; we used 23 gal. of gas in the last 12 months. House is vinyl sided. Both Peter & Gloria work in the home. Peter is a computer programmer analyst for a small cancer research company in NJ & Gloria volunteers at the local humane shelter and is a budding writer.

Last winter, 5 cords of wood used and an average of 22 gallons of propane/month. Also use a Staber 2000 horizontal axis clothes washer which uses half the electricity & half the water of a conventional washer.

Septic leach field is aerobic based, planted with water loving plants, & lives in a greenhouse w/solar powered ventilation.

Solar Features: Passive solar with dark tile radiant floor as storage. Off the grid electric system, 48 volt, 750 amp-hour lead acid battery charged by a 1440 watt PV array. Trace SW4048 inverter and 2 Astron DC-to-DC converters provide 110 VAC, 24 VDC, & 12 VDC electricity for various uses & appliances. 48 VDC is also used directly. A 24 VDC Sunfrost (12 cu ft) provides refrigeration. Heating system includes gasifier wood boiler (primary), catalytic wood stove, 75 gal propane fired water heater (secondary), and propane fired instantaneous domestic water heater (secondary). Wood boiler provides all heating system & hot water when in operation.

Starksboro 590 Mason Hill South

Contact Name: Sheldon Ball/Nicole Seguljic Phone #: 802-453-4074

Directions: From center of Starksboro Village, go North on Big Hollow Rd. 2.1 miles. Bear left onto Mason Hill South and travel 6/10 of a mile. As you enter a wooded area, turn right into 900ft. driveway.

Home Information: Architect: Owner
Size: 2,300sq. ft., + 900sq.ft. studio.
Year built: 2001
Location: Rural

Solar Features: Main house: Off-grid system, 1.4 kw photovoltaic array. State-of-the-art controls. Radiant floor heat. Wood back up. Propane house heat and refrigeration. Super insulated. Efficient lighting, laundry and pumps. Passive solar house design, foundation bermed into hillside.
Studio cabin: Solar electric PV system.

Southern Vermont

Brattleboro

Contact Name: Adam Gebb Phone #: 802-254-7739

Directions: Call owner for directions.

Home Information: Architect: Owner

Builder: Jim Spencer
Building Style: Post & Beam construction
Renovation/Construction Cost: $250,000
Size: 3500 sq. ft.
Year Built: 1994-1995
Location: Rural

Solar Features: Solar Home: 8 - 60 Watt panels, passive solar, Whisper H1500 windmill

Brattleboro 112 Snow Mountain Lane

Contact Name: Kipton Tewksbury Phone #: 802-257-27424

Directions: From Jct. Vt Rt. 9 and I-91, 5 mil. west. 1/4 mile. after only passing lane (on broad curve cut out of rock) is right hand road at 60 degree to Rt. 9-signs show Hamilton Farm, Maple Syrup, Saw Mill. 1 1/4 mile. (their farm slowly). Only right Levi Howard Rd turn, 1/4 mile. past house on left is left driveway Snow Mountain Lane going through field up a hill (Shakespeare & Tewksbury on slate sign on tree #112, bear right at fork 1/4 mile. End.

Home Information: Builder: Kipton Tewksbury - from 200 yr. old Amish summer kitchen from Pennsylvania
Construction cost: $50,000 so far Size: 18' x 24' 830 sq. ft.
Year Built: 1993 Building style: Timber Frame using 200 yr. old frame Location: Rural

Utilities: Summer cooking on propane stove top which we put on top of woodstove. No electric bill. Water pump in well is largest single power draw.

Currently completed home is only part of larger plan. Foundations and loose timbers (cut off property) for 32' 32' main house 2 car timber framed garage w/steel I beams & under rafter storage & living space near completion. Current living space is 18' x 23' 200 yr. old timber frame w/ chestnut 9x12x17' beams; murus SIP foam panel outside frame; 1 1/2 stories; open downstairs; 1 bedroom, bath and office space upstairs-3' L-nee walls the 10/12 pitch roof, roof is aluminum shingles made to look like shakes.

Solar Features: Sunfrost 16 cu Fridge-24 vdc, 1.2 Seimans 5.5 Solar Panels-24 v output. 8 Surrette #1 6v series 400 deep cycle batteries. Surrette Battery Co LTD, Springfield Nova Scotia Canada. Trace 2426 inverter(24vdc input, 2600 watt, 110vac output). Vanner Box 24vdc to 12 vdc for 12 vdc lighting. 3-4 x 8 solar HW panels & 80 gal. tank; Stanley Waterford wood stove for space heating, cooking (Oct.-April) and HW through Holly Water box in Woodstove firebox. No backup HW; Ramini Propane space heater for supplement; 10 hp Briggs & Stratton Propane fired GenPro generator 5000 watts
with electric start for low solar backup.

Cuttingsville Button Hill Rd.

Contact Name: Art Krueger & Trish Norton Phone #: 802-492-3653

Directions: From Rutland, VT: South on Rt. 7 for 2 miles. Turn left onto Tr. 103, go 5 miles. Turn right onto Spring Lake Road (dirt), go 1/2 mile. Turn left onto Button Hill Road (dirt), go 1 mile. Brown house on right (sign at end of driveway "Maple Syrup for Sale")

Home Information: Architect: self

Builder: self
Compared to Conventional Construction: lower because we had lumber sawn out of our own trees and provided own labor.

Size: 1400 sq. ft., 1 1/2 story
Year Built: 1985 and continuous
Building style: Colonial-clapboard, slate roof
Location: Rural
Utilities: No electric bill. Only costs are installation of photovoltaics and wind generator, and maintenance of battery bank.

Water is supplied gravity fed spring on own property. Propane is about $300/yr for refrigerator, back up cooking stove & back up generator.
We are fortunate that this piece of Vermont mountainside provides us with so much to work with. We built our house and farm buildings from wood and stone from the land here. A spring gravity feeds our water supply. The sun and wind provide electricity not only for our family's needs but for our two home businesses as well. The maple forest gives us a cash crop of maple syrup and also provides firewood for making the syrup and for heating our home, our hot water and cooking. The soil is fertile and grows all of our vegetables and some fruit. The air is pure and the children grow in good health. What more could one want?

Solar Features: Totally off the grid. Photovoltaics and wind power for electricity generation. Extensive glass on south side for passive solar heat. Wood from own property for heat, hot water and cooking. All window glass double glazed, 9" insulation in roof.

East Dummerston

Contact Name: David Shaw & Juliet Cuming Phone #: 802-254-7674

Directions: Please contact homeowner for directions.

Home Information: Property Name: "Earth Sweet Home" house
Architect: Owners with consultation from many disciplines

Builder: Timber Frame by Dan MacArthur with Straw bale by David Shaw and many others assisting owners with construction.

Size: 2,000 sq. ft. Year Built: 1996 ongoing

Building Style: Timber frame straw bale

Location: Rural

This is a fascinating experimental house built from all natural and local (within 30 miles of the building site) materials in the foundation, frame, roof, walls, and interiors. A 2 story structure. see our web page at for more information.at: http://www.envirolink.org/orgs/earthsweet

Solar Features: with R-9 “Super-glass” windows. Photovoltaic panels and a wind generator provide electricity for all normal household uses as well as a fully equipped office. This is called a hybrid system. Trace inverter converts battery energy to 120 volt & 220 volt. Super energy-efficient appliances (electric and propane powered) and low voltage ceiling lighting have been used throughout. Hot water preheated using a solar hot water heater and/or the Masonry heater. Further water heating will be accomplished using a propane powered "On-Demand" tankless hot water heater.

Marlboro MacArthur Road

Contact Name: Gary & Celeste MacArthur Phone #: 802-257-7026

Directions: From Brattleboro go 7 miles west of Exit 2 on Route 9 west, left on MacArthur Road. Go 8/10 of a mile, see sugarhouse on right, see solar kiln uphill on left, left into drive, immediately fork left and keep going about 1/3 mile.

Home Information: Architect: Owners

Builder: Owners

Size: 1500 sq. ft.

Year Built: 1974 and ongoing

Year Renovated: 1988

Building Style: Custom
Location: Rural

Uses about 25 gallons of propane per year, primarily for cooking. When we had a gas refrigerator, we used 4 times that amount. 10 gallons of gasoline used annually for back up generator. We have 3 children. "Once our 7 year old child asked 'What's so special about our house anyway?' when people would visit or come to see our home." "Our place is definitely an unfinished place. This was my father's home and where I grew up. Ten years ago we brought in a phone line." For photos and story, see Vermont Life Magazine Spring 1996 issue.

Solar Features: 8 old PV panels, 36 2 volt cells (60 pounds each), 21 years old, installed here 7 years ago. 12 volt DC system powers lighting, water, refrigeration and music. A Trace 1512 inverter powers washing machine, power tools, Cuisinart, and a homemade refrigerator. Compact fluorescent 12 volt lights (15 watt is bright enough for our needs). Homemade wind generator puts out 200 watts in a strong gust, 7-8 years old, used permanent magnet DC motor, 12 volt output, built tower out of spruce trees. Hot water via 3-4' x 8' collectors, 2 storage tanks (80 gallons and 40 gallons, the 40 gallon is also heated off wood stove that also provides space heating and cooking).

Strafford

Contact Name: Stan Redlon Phone #: 802-765-4540

Directions: Please call homeowner for directions. Please note: Home is only open from 10AM-2PM.

Home Information: Builder: Jeff Brown and Dottie Dubey
Size:24X36
Year Built:1984
Building Style: Log Cabin
Location: Rural

Utility Costs: Off the grid, $500 a yr. for gas for cooking, hot water and fridge. six cords of wood for wood furnace.

House sits on old mill site, 28X40 finish carpentry shop that uses hydro power . remote location, log cabin

Solar Features: 24V Harris turbine making Hydro 15amps 15 amps @24voits=360W continously watts. Battery bank with inverter

Strafford 4 Kibling Hill Rd.

Contact Name: Jeff & Dori Wolfe Phone #: 800-374-4494

Directions: Meet at offices of Global Resource Options, Strafford VT. From I-89 take exit 2 in Vermont (Sharon.) Take 132 toward Strafford. After about 8 miles you’ll hit a T (the first stop sign.) Go left onto Justin Morrill Highway. Continue for 2.2 miles to the Strafford Green. Stay left at the Strafford Green, going onto Brook Rd. Go about 1.5 miles to the second right, Kibling Hill Rd. The first driveway on the right off of Kibling Hill Rd is Global Resource Options. Guided Tours leave at 9:30 am, 12:00 noon and 2:30 pm. Office tour open to public 9-4.

Home Information: Global Resource Options is a renewable energy firm dedicated to providing quality renewable energy systems and service to residences and businesses in northern New England. All systems are designed by registered professional engineers. Professional installation, knowledge of the construction trades, and work with regulatory authorities set us apart.

Solar Features: Home/offiice is grid connected with 3kw of arrays, including the integrated Unisolar panels. It also utilizes state-of-the-art evacuated tube hot water heating technology. The tour includes off-grid homes and net-metered homes.

Williamsville 177 Timson Hill Road

Contact Name: Bryan & Natalie Donovan Phone #: 802-348-7256

Directions: From Williamsville, go up Timson Hill 1 mile, house is on the left.

Home Information: Architect: Colgan Design Build
Builder: Colgan Design Build
Cost Comparison: appx 10% more
Size: 1440 sq. ft. finished space
Building Style: Contemporary Cape
Year Built: 2001
Location: Rural

This house is on the grid & uses propane gas in-floor radiant heat in the insulated basement floor (huge thermal storage) and the 2nd floor bath only. The heat from the thermal mass is evenly distributed throughout the house via the heat recovery ventilation system. The gas boiler is a wall hung, Prodigy 21, sealed combustion, low-emission unit. The Prodigy 21 also heats the domestic hot water.

Lights are full spectrum fluorescent, day lighting maximized, Energy Star appliances, central vacuum, drain hot water heat recovery.

Solar Features: Passive solar. House is on the grid.

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